Common Law Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Cons Police Discretion

Words: 3237 Pages: 11 5281

Discretion Discretion is a legal power that certain government officials such as judges, prosecutors, and police officers use to make certain decision based on their own judgment, to decide the best course of action. In theory, the criminal justice official considers the totality of circumstances before determining whether or not legal action should be taken against an individual(s). And, to what kind and degree that action will be taken (Walker & Katz, 2005), for example; issuing a warning, or actually arresting […]

Ethics Government Police Politics

Miranda V. Arizona (1966)

Words: 1583 Pages: 5 4701

In Miranda v. Arizona (1966) The Court reasoned that custodial interrogations are coercive in nature due to the adversarial nature of the criminal justice system and thus certain protections must be put in place in order to ensure that a suspect is not forced to incriminate himself unwillingly. In Escobedo v Illinois (1960) the court noted that there was a clear imbalance of power shifted towards police in custodial interrogations. Furthermore, the Court states, “the interrogators sometimes are instructed to […]

Government Morality National Security Politics

Stop and Frisk Theory and Racial Profiling

Words: 3161 Pages: 11 6167

Abstract Stop and frisk is the detention temporarily of a person and search their clothing based on specific, articulate facts that lead the police officer to have reasonable suspicious that the person is armed and dangerous. However, in the recent years, many people are arguing that stop and frisk are used to target minorities, because the numbers of people who are more stop and frisk by the police are Latinos and African-American. Therefore, stop and frisk are affecting the relationship […]

Government Human Rights Morality Politics Racial Profiling Social Issues Theory

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Is Capital Punishment a Violation of Human Rights

Words: 916 Pages: 3 6002

The Eighth Amendment of United States Constitution provides that “excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” Numerous Supreme Court Justices have wrestled with the interpretation of the Eighth Amendment and the question of what the Framers really meant by it. Capital Punishment also known as ‘The Death Penalty’ should be abolished because it is inhuman and shows little regard for human life. For years and even today, the idea ‘an eye […]

Human Rights Morality Punishment Social Issues Virtue

Judicial Review – Main Documents

Words: 1985 Pages: 7 4688

Part I: Essay Definitions Judicial Review is the power to veto the actions of other agencies of government. In other words, it is a review by the United States Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. The origin of Judicial Review is Marbury v. Madison (1803). Selective Incorporation is a constitutional doctrine that ensures states cannot enact laws that take away the constitutional rights of American citizens that are enshrined in the Bill of Rights. It is the […]

Government Politics Supreme Court United States Virtue

Cost of the Death Penalty

Words: 991 Pages: 3 7241

The death penalty costs more than life in prison. According to Fox News correspondent Dan Springer, the State of California spent 4 billion dollars to execute 13 individuals, in addition to the net spend of an estimated $64,000 per prisoner every year. Springer (2011) documents how the death penalty convictions declined due to economic reasons. The state spends up to 3 times more when seeking a death penalty than when pursuing a life in prison without the possibility of parole. […]

Death Death Penalty Life Imprisonment Morality Prison

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CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS

Words: 533 Pages: 2 5728

Finally, on the basis of the above study, it is quite reasonable to conclude that despite of all initiatives taken by the Government; this grievous form of crime against women is indicating a rising trend in our society. And the increasing cases of sexual harassment of women at workplace highlight the denial of justice not only because of certain inherent faults regarding some critical areas in the present Act and regulations but also due to the non-implementation and non-enforcement of […]

Employment Government Human Rights Politics Sexual Harassment Social Issues

Ineffectiveness of NYPD’s Stop-and-Frisk Program in Taming Crime Essay

Words: 802 Pages: 3 4319

Research Topic: Ineffectiveness of NYPD’s Stop-and-Frisk Program in Taming Crime Research Thesis Statement: NYPD’s Stop-and-Frisk Policy Violates the Principle of Reasonable Suspicion and Promotes Racial Profiling, thus Ineffective in Taming Crime. Research Reasons Based on “NYPD's Stop-and-Frisk: Racial Profiling or 'Proactive Policing'? The controversial NYPD’s Stop-and-Frisk program has continued to spark mixed reactions from various quotas. The most significant aspect of this policy is that it touches the very core of the constitution. Most commentators have argued that the Stop-and-Frisk […]

Government Human Rights Morality Politics Racial Profiling Social Issues

Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements

Words: 513 Pages: 2 4431

Abstract This executive briefing is to discuss President Trump’s recent issued Executive Order (EO) 13767 Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements. The briefing will contain analysis that is focused on the EO’s main purpose of the policy, its benefits and consequences, and the effects on national budget. Introduction On January 25, 2017, President Trump signed EO 13767 to install all mean necessary to secure the southern border, and to prevent illegal immigration and to deport illegal immigrants (Executive Order No. […]

Government Immigration National Security Politics Racial Profiling Social Issues

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Capital Punishment is Morally Indefensible

Words: 1001 Pages: 3 4477

The story of one of the most horrific hate crimes of our day came to an end this past Thursday. Or did it? Capital punishment also termed punishment by death was used on John William King by lethal injection for the murder of James Byrd Jr. The family however shared with CNN news reporters as they watched their brother’s murderer be executed, “they believe this was a just punishment, however, they felt nothing, there was no sense of relief."" Understandably […]

Government Politics Punishment Social Issues Stereotypes

Racism is Wrong which should be Stopped

Words: 888 Pages: 3 4669

Racism is a clear reality in our nation that affects all walks of life. Although, racism continues to shatter and destroy lives around the nation. Racial discrimination is a burden on people's lives because of the harsh human judgment that has been placed upon color and how that judgment can affect other? lives. The presence of discrimination continues throughout human life to healthcare, educational services, employment opportunities, the criminal justice system, and media reprrsentation.My main focus today is the criminal […]

Discrimination Government Human Rights Racism Social Issues

The Inclusion of Capital Punishment through History

Words: 1130 Pages: 4 4851

The inclusion of capital punishment as a penalty for criminal behavior has existed from the beginning of civilized society. The practice came to the United States with the first immigrants, was not excluded by the framers of the constitution, and continues to be a form of criminal punishment in thirty states, as well as the United States Government and Military. Despite its long history, capital punishment is controversial because of its extreme nature. As the American population has grown and […]

Punishment Social Issues Virtue

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The Three Strikes Law Analysis

Words: 1423 Pages: 5 5204

Is the "Three Strikes" law too harsh for petty criminals who are non-violent? What should be done with violators? Since the beginning of time there have been rules or laws that people abide by as members of past and present societies. Those rules or laws were put in place to keep people safe and to be fair to the community those rules or laws were put in place for, but to also be fair to the perpetrator. Many people live […]

Morality Social Issues Virtue

The Constitution of America and Laws

Words: 2136 Pages: 7 5007

The constitution of America established fundamental laws and guaranteed certain rights for its citizens. It was written in 1787 that replaced the Articles Of Confederation which had been governing character of the United States. The law of the United States was predominantly gotten from the precedent based law arrangement of English Law. Nonetheless, U.S. law was drawn significantly from its English ancestors both as far as substance and method. It has fused various common law developments. It had proven a […]

Morality Murder Rape Virtue

Gender Discrimination in the Workplace

Words: 2458 Pages: 8 6620

One of the greatest disputes in the United States today involves gender discrimination in the workplace. Issues such as unequal pay, pregnancy discrimination, and sexual harassment are all covered by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Title VII. However, in many businesses, the discrimination based on gender continues to occur. Title VII prohibits job discrimination in all aspects of the workplace, from firing procedures to promotion and benefits. This law applies to businesses with fifteen or more employees, however […]

Discrimination Employment Employment Discrimination Equal pay for equal work Gender Government Politics Sexism Sexual Harassment Social Issues

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Something about Immigration Argumentative Essay

Words: 1409 Pages: 5 5244

There is little doubt that America is a country of immigrants. Many of its citizens today can trace their lineage to other geographic areas all over the world. They come in pursuit of the so-called “American Dream.” After all, who wouldn’t want to be in a land where success and prosperity are virtually guaranteed to everyone if they work hard in a society with very few obstacles? Yet, presently, few topics are as hotly debated in the nation as immigration […]

Illegal Immigration Immigration Politics Racial Profiling Social Issues

Racial Profiling in Stop-and-Frisk

Words: 1087 Pages: 4 4522

According to The Attorney General of New Jersey in 1999, "… determined that searches of cars on the Turnpike were even more racially disparate than the initial stops: 77.2% of all ‘consent' searches were of minorities and blacks" (Rudovsky, 2001). It is also important to note that according to the New York Civil Liberties Union, "Nearly nine out of 10 stopped-and-frisked New Yorkers have been completely innocent." With these unfortunate statistics surrounding the stop-and-frisk policy in New York City, it […]

Government Human Rights Politics Racial Profiling Social Issues

Minority Rights in the Criminal Justice System of the United States

Words: 1858 Pages: 6 5080

The topic is important because the criminal courts are essential in the society as they are supposed to bring equality to all people especially when they are making judgments. They are supposed to ensure that the rule of law and order is followed by all people in the country despite the political statuses and other backgrounds of the individuals. They should not be biased of allowing any kind of favor when performing important judgments. The way these judgments are conducted […]

Evidence Government Human Rights Morality Politics Racism Rape Sexism Social Inequality Social Issues

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History of Criminal Law in California

Words: 583 Pages: 2 5256

In searching criminal history, and how it all began I found some interesting websites and my textbook. So what is criminal law according to "Criminal Law Today by Schmalleger, PH. D pg. 3) criminal law means the body of rules and regulations that defines and specifies punishment for offenses of a public nature or for wrongs committed against the state of society. Also called the penal code. I will be talking abut the 5 areas of the history of criminal […]

Driving Under The Influence Morality Virtue

Law Enforcement Systems

Words: 2131 Pages: 7 4666

Criminal Justice is defined as the system of law enforcement, involving police, lawyers, courts and corrections, used for all stages of criminal proceedings and punishment. Criminal justice professionals are both consumers and producers of research. The consumers of all research findings, such as police officers, are better at understanding how research is being conducted within their department. The producers of research, such as probation officers, try different methods in order to communicate with criminals better to decrease the likely hood […]

Jury Juvenile Delinquency Morality Separation Of Powers Virtue

Rosa Cabrera : Biography

Words: 416 Pages: 1 4422

On July 17, 2018, Mrs. Rosa Cabrera, who was born in Cuba and is a legal citizen of the United States, was alerted by a neighbor that the hair salon she owned for more than 20 years, had been vandalized and marked with four anti-Mexican graffiti on the walls of her premises. The graffiti was spray painted "GO BACK MEXICO AND TAKE DRUG CARTEL MURDER CULTURE WITH YOU." Mrs. Cabrera said in the interview made on the Greenville regional channel […]

Government Hate crime Morality Murder Social Issues

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The Unreasonable Practice: Stop and Frisk

Words: 622 Pages: 2 4380

Stop and frisk is the act of police stopping an individual to briefly search for any illegal substances or concealed weapons. It is said that a stop and frisk needs to be processed when law enforcement is suspicious of an individual. By evaluating the themes of racial profiling and the rights of man, proof will be given on why stop and frisk should not become a nationwide policy. This is significant because not only is it an act of discrimination, […]

Government Human Rights National Security Politics

The Necessity of Profiling in FBI

Words: 1360 Pages: 5 4403

Profiling is the idea of examining and analyzing offenders who are not known in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Howard D. Teten and Patrick J. Mullany first put it to use in 1972 on one of the unsolved cases that had been assigned to them. Profiling became a useful investigative tool to all law enforcement; with its effectiveness they adopted it and it became known as the Criminal Investigative Analysis Program (CIAP). Many agree with the idea of CIAP […]

Government National Security Racial Profiling Social Issues

Elements of Constitutional Law

Words: 1139 Pages: 4 4825

The four elements of arrest are intent, authority, detention or seizure, and understanding. The rationale of a regulation enforcement officer to arrest a suspect can both be transmitted verbally or thru actions. This is very sizable due to the fact the absence of cause means that no arrest can take vicinity. The intent is a subjective time making it tough to at instances determine if a regulation enforcement officer had intentions of making the arrest. Within the event that cause […]

Literature Search And Seizure Virtue

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Offenses against the Government, Administration

Words: 848 Pages: 3 4933

Offenses against the Government A. Treason Treason is defined as levying war against the United States and ongoing their enemies aid or comfort Where treason is made a crime under the State Statues their derivatives emphasizes crimes against the state government Requirements of treason are: (i) Allegiance (ii) Overt Act (iii) Intent to betray (iv) Testimony by two witness of overt act (xx) Confession by defendant in open court (Dix, 2016) B. Treason like Crimes There are a number of […]

Morality Punishment Virtue

Sources of Criminal Law

Words: 1639 Pages: 5 5503

Chapter One: Introduction A. In General - A crime is an act or omission prohibited by law for the protection of the public - Sources of criminal law come from: (i) English common law developed decisions of the English courts and became part of the common law (ii) Statutory codes- many jurisdictions have comprehensive criminal codes that define basic principles of liability, specific crimes and defenses (i) Model penal Code- developed by the American Law Institute code has served as […]

Jury Morality Punishment Virtue

Transparency Paper

Words: 867 Pages: 3 4012

Governor Jerry Brown signed bill SB1421, which allows the public to view investigations of officer shootings, serious uses of force, sexual misconducts, and lying. California's confidentiality laws had previously protected police officer privacy, prohibiting the public from knowing what typically occurs during the investigations of these misconducts and their respective outcomes. This bill emphasizes the struggle that has existed for years between the public's right to know and officers’ individual privacy rights. The bill will benefit the public interest by […]

Government Human Rights National Security Politics

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Laws Regarding Rape

Words: 1401 Pages: 5 4610

For this paper I thought it may help to incorporate a case to help with the perspective of the protocols and the convictions. I decided to look at the case Maddox V. Montgomery in the United States Courts of Appeals. Appellant Jimmy Maddox was convicted of rape in a Georgia state court and sentenced to life imprisonment. The appellant and alleged victim, Kathy Elder at the time of trial gave different accounts of the events in question. Having unsuccessfully pursued […]

Rape

How Many more Times? Addressing Urgency in Current Events

Words: 2133 Pages: 7 4361

Hands up, don’t move, don’t run, and speak but speak with ease because one wrong move can cause that gun pointing in your direction to go off. At a young age, African American children learn how to stay away from police and how to act during an encounter with one, but nothing prepares them for what type of cop they may run into. Police have abused their power for many years and have gone unpunished by the government. In 2015, […]

Government Murder Police Brutality Politics

Hate Crime and the Legal Process: Options for Law Reform

Words: 1061 Pages: 4 4780

Hate crime legislation are the only thing that helps the people of the a United States from seeking out to do these tremendous acts of violence. Hate crimes do effect almost everyone in a society/community. Hate crime legislations were brought to attention around the year 1970 and is part of the civil right act to which made it illegal to treat someone by force,injure,intimidate, or to interfere with someone's religion or gender etc. Section Two: Claims Supporting hate crime legislations […]

Hate crime Human Rights Politics

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